Study of malaria in febrile patients attending tertiary health care center and evaluation of peripheral smear examination, quantitative buffy coat and rapid diagnostic test in the diagnosis of malaria

Background: The objective was to study the prevalence of malaria in febrile patients attending the hospital and to evaluate peripheral smear examination, quantitative buffy coat and rapid diagnostic test in the diagnosis of malaria.Methods: The study group includes 208 patients presenting with fever with chills and rigor and other suggestive symptoms of malaria attending the tertiary care center. 5 ml of venous blood was collected in ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) tube from each patient and the samples were processed for peripheral blood smear examination, quantitative buffy coat (QBC) and antigen detection by rapid diagnostic test (RDT).Results: Out of 208 suspected cases of malaria, 3 (1.44%) were positive for malaria and 205 (98.55%) were negative, the prevalence of malaria was found to be 1.44%. Of total 208 cases tested, 3 cases (1.44%) were positive for malaria by peripheral blood smear examination and by QBC and with rapid diagnostic test only 2 cases (0.96%) were positive. P. vivax was detected in all 3 positive cases.Conclusions: Peripheral smear examination is considered as gold standard method for diagnosis of malaria. QBC can be helpful when an experienced microscopist is not available. Rapid diagnostic tests are simple, rapid, do not need expertise, interpretation of results is easy and objective and useful in routine diagnosis.

Stochastic modeling of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization at finite strains in hcp metals

We present a model that aims to describe the effective, macroscale material response as well as the underlying mesoscale processes during discontinuous dynamic recrystallization under severe plastic deformation. Broadly, the model brings together two well-established but distinct approaches – first, a continuum crystal plasticity and twinning approach to describe complex deformation in the various grains, and second, a discrete Monte-Carlo-Potts approach to describe grain boundary migration and nucleation. The model is implemented within a finite-strain Fast Fourier Transform-based framework that allows for efficient simulations of recrystallization at high spatial resolution, while the grid-based Fourier treatment lends itself naturally to the Monte-Carlo approach. The model is applied to pure magnesium as a representative hexagonal closed packed metal, but is sufficiently general to admit extension to other material systems. Results demonstrate the evolution of the grain architecture in representative volume elements and the associated stress–strain history during the severe simple shear deformation typical of equal channel angular extrusion. We confirm that the recrystallization kinetics converge with increasing grid resolution and that the resulting model captures the experimentally observed transition from single- to multi-peak stress–strain behavior as a function of temperature and rate

A Sub-Region Based Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Dual 2-Level Inverter System

This paper deals the implementation of 3-level output voltage using dual 2-level inverter with control of sub-region based Space Vector Modulation (SR-SVM). Switching loss and voltage stress are the most important issues in multilevel inverters, for keep away from these problems dual inverter system executed. Using this proposed system, the conventional 3-level inverter voltage vectors and switching vectors can be located. In neutral point clamped multilevel inverter, it carries more load current fluctuations due to the DC link capacitors and it requires large capacitors. Based on the sub-region SVM used to control IGBT switches placed in the dual inverter system. The proposed system improves the output voltage with reduced harmonic content with improved dc voltage utilisation. The simulation and hardware results are verified using matlab/simulink and dsPIC microcontroller

Nanotechnology and diabetes

Nanotechnology offers sensing technologies that provide more accurate and timely medical information for diagnosing disease, and miniature devices that can administer treatment automatically if required. Some tests such as diabetes blood sugar levels require patients to administer the test themselves to avoid the risk of their blood glucose falling to dangerous levels. Certain users such as children and the elderly may not be able to perform the test properly, timely or without considerable pain. Nanotechnology can now offers new implantable and/or wearable sensing technologies that provide continuous and extremely accurate medical information. In the long run, nanotechnology will clearly open up many routes to treatments and cures for diabetes, as it will for many of the diseases and conditions that currently plague mankind. Nanotechnology offers some new solutions in treating diabetes mellitus. Boxes with nanopores that protect transplanted beta cells from the immune system attack, artificial pancreas and artificial beta cell instead of pancreas transplantation, nanospheres as biodegradable polymeric carriers for oral delivery of insulin are just some of them. The abilities of nanomedicine are huge, and nanotechnology could give medicine an entirely new outlook. Whilst some of these technologies are quite far-fetched, there is evidence that we will see significant advances in the treatment and management of diabetes quite soon. The purpose of this review is to throw more light on the recent advances and impact of nanotechnology on biomedical sciences to cure diabetes

Comparative study of the thermoluminescence glow curves recorded from varieties of Vitis vinifera, V. labrusca and V. champini

Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves were recorded from leaves of eight Vitis varieties grown in South-West India, viz. Thompson Seedless, Sonaka, Anab-E-Shahi, Kishmish Charni, Tas-A-Ganesh, Black Monuka, Bangalore Purple and American Dogridge belonging to the Vitis vinifera, V. labrusca and V. champini species. The TL peaks were analysed, using a computer-assisted model based on the general order kinetics theory, to determine thermodynamical parameters such as activation energy, entropy, frequency factor and free energy. It was observed that all six V. vinifera samples showed an entirely different TL pattern consisting of only one prominent and highly narrow peak at around -5 degrees C (peak II). The prominence of this peak attributed to S2/S3 Qa- recombination suggests a modification at the plastoquinone electron acceptor sites. On the other hand, the remaining two varieties Bangalore Purple and American Dogridge showed broader TL spectra consisting of a higher number of peaks. This basic difference is attributed to the difference in species of the selected varieties. Moreover, the TL recorded from Bangalore Purple resembled the standard TL spectra of spinach. The study undertaken in this paper may be relevant in grape breeding programs

Maximally robust controllers for multivariable systems

Published versio

Stock assessment of Loligo duvaucelii (D'Orbigny)in Bombay waters

Ld&o drrvweliJ forms 7.8 % of t 4 trawl landin@ 3 Bombay. The von Bertalariffy growth Parameters ate La = 323 mm, K = 0.448 (annual) and t, =i 0.0244 years. Tbe total mortality e i e n t for the years 1980284 is 1.83 and the estimated mturaI mortality is 1.1. The standing stock and the annual stock in the present fishing ground is 990 tonnes and 2,150 t respectively. Tho yield is 721 t, which indicrltes that there is furtber scope for the sxploitatioa of bI&o hwwiII by the tmwIen

Association of serum iron studies in COVID associated mucormycosis with stage of the disease

Background: Mucormycosis is a rare and lethal invasive fungal infection caused by opportunist and ubiquitous fungi. India has reported surge in cases of post COVID 19 mucormycosis due to the increasing frequency of risk factors like corticosteroid therapy, uncontrolled diabetes, DKA, neutropenia and iron overload and hence warrants a detailed study to identify potential contributing factors. Aim of this study was to study the clinical profile of patients with CAM and to correlate serum iron studies with severity and extent of disease in CAM patients. Methods: This prospective crosssectional study was conducted on 75 patients with CAM admitted to Bowring Hospital, Bangalore. Detailed history with clinical evaluation and appropriate investigations done and data was analysed. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 48.19 with 52 males and 23 females. Among 75 patients 90.7% were unvaccinated against COVID, 62.7% had oxygen and steroid use, with diabetes mellitus as most common comorbidity. Rhino orbital-cerebral mucormycosis was the most common clinical presentation. Patients with stage 4 CAM had elevated levels of inflammatory markers LDH (292), D-dimer (457), CRP (74.64), mean serum iron (50.37) and TIBC (255.37). Case fatality rate was 12%. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed significant correlation between the clinical severity of CAM and higher mortality, with increased serum iron levels and inflammatory markers. Therefore patients with elevated levels of available serum iron are uniquely susceptible to mucormycosis infection, suggesting dysregulated iron metabolism in its pathogenesis